China and India is trying to join the select club of great powers Space

Although the pioneer of these nations in terms of research into the cosmos, China and India trying to become serious contracandidate U.S., Russia and Europe in the fight for development of advanced space technologies. 
China has ambitious goals and the program we put in discussion to make 2020 an additional pressure primarily on the policy the U.S. agency NASA advantage of the space shuttle that will withdraw from the activity (2010-2015). NASA will resume flights with the human crew entry into operation of the Orion / Ares in 2015 and will return to the moon no sooner than 2020, and China tried to use this in a program of aggressive promotion in which sustained last period. 
It is interesting to discuss the major directions so that China would like to focus in the next few years and now it is concrete in Chinese space program. 
Chinese space probe Chang'e 1, launched on 24 October 2007 aboard a Long March3 launcher, has met recently with the successful mission, crashed on the moon surface at 1.5 degrees south latitude and 52.36 degrees longitude East. 
The name comes from the object space Chinese mythology, a goddess representing selenara ancient. 
Mission that lasted 16 months was to study, except for obtaining maps of the moon, the ability to adjust the trajectory and orbital degrees of freedom and which can allow such a probe in the vicinity of Earth's natural satellite, is tested by remote control using 2 terrestrial stations: Qingdao and Kash. 
This is just the first of three steps that China has in the project, step two would be aselenizarea line, and step three is to develop and launch a space vehicle capable of exploring the moon surface and bring to Earth samples of mineral monthly. 
For the period 2010-2011 China might to launch a mission to explore additional gain more experience, then two-step aselenizarea should take place during 2012-2013 with a satellite equipped with nuclear propulsion and containing a rover monthly. 
Third paragraph of the Chinese exploration of what concerns (mission to collect monthly samples that will be returned back on Earth) should not be held earlier than 2017. 
Term and long-launched international trend in recent Chinese space agency's attention will move to Mars, being the first planet exploration samples sent in by 2014-2033 and then a trip to the human crew somewhere between 2040-2060. 
In addition, at the beginning of March China made public its intentions to develop a series of laboratory space own. 
This after starting the year 1992 China began to show interest in developing technologies with space flight crew human. It is the military still has 921 old 714 projects (initiated in 1967) and 863 (initiated in 1986). Unfortunately the effort was much higher than expected and only 15 in October 2003 after 11 years from the date initially, and after spending more than 2 billion dollars, China has managed to take first astronaut in space, thus the the third nation in the world capable of this. But since then interest has shifted from simple orbital flight in more ambitious objective of having its own outpost in space. 
Although initially inspired from the MOL U.S. dropped in 1969 (U.S. Air Force manned orbiting laboratory) Tiangong first laboratory-1 appears today much closer to the profile of the European ATV. This is a laboratory equipped with a suite of next generation sensors and will work most of the time in autonomously. 
In parallel, efforts will improve the Shenzhou program is to create the premises for a so-called taxi space. We emphasize in particular the ability of the vehicle to perform in a systematic way with the Flight crew human. So astronauts will be able to return to regular board laboratory space, to inspect, to collect data gathered on board and carry out other experiments. 
Apart from this, China considers the long term (2020) and laboratory space and higher performance (around 20-25 tonnes) inspired by Russian Mir laboratory. 
In parallel with the two mentioned earlier (the development of new satellites and develop a program of human flight) remains the problem of progressive enlargement of the capacity to launch to have the necessary logistics of such projects. 
Currently only China mizeaza capacity lansatorului or LongMarch (now reached series 4) and the forthcoming series 5, which should increase the mass launched to orbit on a 25000kg and 14000kg low orbit to orbit geostationara (in the most powerful configuration) . 
India on the other hand, announced by the voice of the national agency ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) as intended in an extended partnership with Russia to get among the nations able to send astronauts into space. 
The Agreement was signed with Roskosmos in December 2008 during Medvedev's visit in India and continue the tradition of bilateral cooperation began in 1984 with Indian astronaut first flight (on board the space capsule šalyse). Besides the logistic support which is hoped to obtain a result of this agreement, another flight of an astronaut training will take India on board a Soyuz mission in 2013. 
India has imposed a deadline for this ambitious program started in 2007-respectively 2015 for the first orbital capsule capable of carrying a human crew in space. 
In the 8 years of study, the budget for the program will amount to about 2-2.5 billion dollars an effort too great for Indian agency whose annual budget in 2007-2008 was for example the 834 million dollars. Therefore the program will be caught in India apart from the annual fund space agency, was recently approved by parliament. 
The first demonstration flight was made already in January 2007-when a cap of 550 kg Indian flew naked in the atmosphere to test reentry. 
The first flight test with human crew will orbit Earth for 7 days at an altitude of 275km with 2 astronauts on board. Will be practically a flight preparation to set up a program of training of the astronauts (the center space in Bangalore which will become the training of astronauts) and the infrastructure to launch (the Sriharikota space center). 
The final cap will be a nominal flight crew members and 3 will be capable of complex tasks on the orbit altitude of 400km (shunting and coupling of meeting with the international space station). Details provided in the last press is an extremely simple capsule (like a Gemini capsule USA), with systems to maintain life and control the atmosphere reintrarii sustained by the energy generated by solar panels Affairs. 
Until that time, however, India has to overcome technological problems. First to solve the problem lansatorului and it is hoped by the transition from the current rocket GSLV-Mark1 the new version of GSLV-Mark2 (capable trasnporte 5 tons into a low orbit LEO) and later the GSLV-Mark3 (with capacity anywhere from 13 tons to LEO orbit). The third stage of the missile-KVD-1M, now provided by Russia from the Proton rocket, will be replaced with an engine of its own cryogenic construction (CS). Apart from this probably will be small structural changes at the lower rungs of lansatorului to improve their performance. The first tests of new missiles should be held this year and hopes to confirm will exceed expectations and fears about safety that could be achieved by using a satellite launcher used by the cargo crew that includes humans. It should be noted that according to Mark1 made up as 5 releases but suffered a complete loss in July 2007 when the satellite was lost thyself 4C and semiesec in September 2007 when downtime due to complete the last steps yourself 4CR satellite replacement was in an orbit lower than desired (but moved later by its own engines geostationara desired orbit). 
Besides, a human crew in space to discuss issues more procedural heavy to be resolved. Such systems should be expanded safety and rescue in case of unforeseen events, should be in place automated systems of all new capsules have created a robot facilizarea for operations in space, you created a new architecture adapted to specific soil so new missions. 
Moreover, until 2020, if everything flows well, by extending this program is intended to achieve a more ambitious goal-sending a human crew to the moon. 
It remains to be seen if the initial deadline will be respected even more as up to now, international programs in the history of human flight crew none was able to keep its first, the complex infrastructure that have appeared more amanand or less put in practice these flights. 
Apart from this program, as well as China, India aims for moon missions, and its observation space. Chandrayaan-1 satellite is in November 2008 into a low orbit around the moon where he made several spectacular surface images selenara. 
In this first project navigator and was sent a sample probe that crossed culegand atmosphere for several minutes as it took flight, data on atmospheric composition. The project, which has managed to attract interest and support of several international organizations in the field (on-board instruments are coming from several countries) is currently ongoing in all scientific equipment culegand information capacity. 
Mission will be continued in 2011 with ISRO for Chandrayaan 2, which will be fitted at the time the first Indian lunar rover (probably all derived from a cooperation with the U.S. space agency NASA) - What will aselenizeze smoothly and to make observations from the soil. Longer term will be other satellites in the continuation of this program monthly. 
Technological distance between these countries and major emerging space power is probably still very high (measured in tens of years) but the will and political line drawn by these programs are clear and are thus expected to gradually gain experience in this area is in the Following the most important point to be achieved for any space exploration. 
As in any start enthusiasm and confidence in the quality and talent of the people involved are now at high levels but it will be interesting to track how long these emerging countries will be consistent with their space (by definition, expensive) and how the amounts invested by the governments of these countries will be able to even approach the enormous budgets spent by the major space powers.