What do you know about Solar Water Heaters?

About Solar Water Heaters

Solar water heating is water heated by the use of solar energy. Levi Yissar built the first solar water heater in 1953 in Israel. Due to the energy crisis in 1970s people started installation of solar water heaters in all new homes. Israel is the world leader in the use of solar energy with 85% of the households using solar thermal systems today.

Solar heating systems are generally made out of solar thermal collectors. It is a fluid system to move the heat from the collector to the point where it is used. Solar water heaters have wide variety of uses, like home, business and industries.

Residential solar thermal heaters can be further divided into two types:

1. Passive systems

2. Active systems.

Let us see about Passive systems here in this article.

Passive systems

A passive system is also known as a compact system or monobloc. It has a tank for the heated water and a solar collector mounted on the same chassis. The system will function by natural convection (thermo siphon) or heat pipes that transfer the heat energy from the collector to the tank. A special type of passive system is the Integrated Collector Storage (ICS) also called as Batch Heaters, where the tank acts as both storage and solar collector. Batch heaters are often thin rectilinear tanks with glass in the front side of it. They are mostly not pressurized; they depend on the gravitational force to deliver water.

Batch Heaters cost’s lesser than the intense plate and tube collectors but they are suitable only in moderate climates with good sunshine.

The next step of the ICS is the Convection Heat Storage Unit. These are plate type intense collectors with built in insulated tanks. These units use convection (movement of hot water upward) to move the water from heater to tank thus making them more efficient than the ICS, as the intense collector heats smaller amount of water that is constantly rising to the tank. These Convection Heat Storage units can be used in areas where there is less sunshine than the ICS.

Passive systems made of metals are not suitable for cold climates. At night the remaining water can freeze and damage the panels, and the storage tank is exposed to the outdoor temperatures that will cause excessive heat losses on cold days.

You can’t believe that a passive system can save up to 4.5 tones annually of greenhouse gas emissions, several countries are offering subsidies to the end users nowadays. These systems are designed to work for up to 25 years with minimum maintenance. When the electric heating element is not working due to reasons like power failure etc. these systems keeps on working. They do not use any external source for power as water flows due to thermo siphon principle.

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