Diagnosing Infectious Mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by a virus known as Epstein Barr virus (EBV). This virus attacks the white cells. It is transmitted through saliva (hence its nickname, "the kissing disease"), even by such limited contact as sharing a drink or dish. It may also be transmitted through blood. Follow the steps below to diagnose this disease.

Step 1

Suspect infectious mononucleosis if you have fever, muscle weakness, sore throat and most importantly enlarged and tender lymph nodes in the neck. Other features include abdominal pain, enlarged liver and spleen, rash, loss of apatite and aching muscles.

Step 2

Order a Monospot test to detect the presence of Heterophile Viral antibodies in your blood.

Step 3

Check complete blood count with differential. The total white blood cell count may be high because of the infection. The presence of unusual white cells is characteristic of EBV infection.

Step 4

Order EBV antibody titres to help distinguish acute infection from past infection with EBV.

Step 5

Check EBV antigen detection with immunoflorescence.

Step 6

Check liver enzymes. These may be elevated in 90 percent of patients with infectious mononucleosis.

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Few words on Treatment

1. Treat fever, malaise and throat discomfort with Tylenol (acetaminophen). Get adequate hydration and nutrition.
2. Use prednisone if there is a risk of airway obstruction.
3. Use antiviral drugs such as acyclovir for short-term suppression of viral shedding to prevent infection transmission. Significant clinical benefit has not been proven.
4. Avoid contact sports activity to prevent injury to the spleen which may have become enlarged. The chances of rupture are highest from days 2 to 21 after the onset of symptoms.